Move MIN,MAX,SQ macros to a common header

[qpms.git] / notes / Scattering and Shit.lyx

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\pdf_title "Sähköpajan päiväkirja"
\pdf_author "Marek Nečada"
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset FormulaMacro
\newcommand{\vect}[1]{\mathbf{#1}}
\end_inset


\begin_inset FormulaMacro
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}}
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Title
Electromagnetic multiple scattering, spherical waves and ****
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author
Marek Nečada
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Zillion conventions for spherical vector waves
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Legendre polynomials and spherical harmonics: messy from the very beginning
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Marginal
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FIXME check the Condon-Shortley phases.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Associated Legendre polynomial of degree 
\begin_inset Formula $l\ge0$
\end_inset

 and order 
\begin_inset Formula $m,$
\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Formula $l\ge m\ge-l$
\end_inset

, is given by the recursive relation
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
P_{l}^{-m}=\underbrace{\left(-1\right)^{m}}_{\mbox{Condon-Shortley phase}}\frac{1}{2^{l}l!}\left(1-x^{2}\right)^{m/2}\frac{\ud^{l+m}}{\ud x^{l+m}}\left(x^{2}-1\right)^{l}.
\]

\end_inset

There is a relation between the positive and negative orders,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
P_{l}^{-m}=\underbrace{\left(-1\right)^{m}}_{\mbox{C.-S. p.}}\frac{\left(l-m\right)!}{\left(l+m\right)!}P_{l}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right),\quad m\ge0.
\]

\end_inset

The index 
\begin_inset Formula $l$
\end_inset

 (in certain notations, it is often 
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset

) is called 
\emph on
degree
\emph default
, index 
\begin_inset Formula $m$
\end_inset

 is the 
\emph on
order
\emph default
.
 These two terms are then transitively used for all the object which build
 on the associated Legendre polynomials, i.e.
 spherical harmonics, vector spherical harmonics, spherical waves etc.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Kristensson uses the Condon-Shortley phase, so (sect.
 [K]D.2)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)=\left(-1\right)^{m}\sqrt{\frac{2l+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(l-m\right)!}{\left(l+m\right)!}}P_{l}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)e^{im\phi}
\]

\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\[
Y_{lm}^{\dagger}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)=Y_{lm}^{*}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)
\]

\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\[
Y_{l,-m}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)=\left(-1\right)^{m}Y_{lm}^{\dagger}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Orthonormality:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\int Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)Y_{l'm'}^{\dagger}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\,\ud\Omega=\delta_{ll'}\delta_{mm'}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Pi and tau
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Xu
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sub:Xu pitau"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As in (37)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\pi_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right) & = & \frac{m}{\sin\theta}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)\\
\tau_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right) & = & \frac{\ud}{\ud\theta}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)=-\left(\sin\theta\right)\frac{\ud P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)}{\ud\left(\cos\theta\right)}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The expressions 
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\sin\theta\right)^{-1}$
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{\ud P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)}{\ud\left(\cos\theta\right)}$
\end_inset

 are singular for 
\begin_inset Formula $\cos\theta=\pm1$
\end_inset

, the limits 
\begin_inset Formula $\tau_{mn}\left(\pm1\right),\pi_{mn}\left(\pm1\right)$
\end_inset

 however exist.
 Labeling 
\begin_inset Formula $x\equiv\cos\theta$
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x\right)}=\sqrt{1-x^{2}}\equiv\sin\theta$
\end_inset

 and using the asymptotic expression (DLMF 14.8.2) we obtain that the limits
 are nonzero only for 
\begin_inset Formula $m=\pm1$
\end_inset

 and
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\pi_{1\nu}(+1-) & = & CS\frac{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}{2}\\
\tau_{1\nu}(+1-) & = & CS\frac{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}{2}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

and using the parity property 
\begin_inset Formula $P_{n}^{m}\left(-x\right)=\left(-1\right)^{m+n}P_{n}^{m}\left(x\right)$
\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\pi_{1\nu}(-1+) & = & -CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\frac{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}{2}\\
\tau_{1\nu}(-1+) & = & CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\frac{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}{2}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

For 
\begin_inset Formula $m=1$
\end_inset

, we simply use the relation 
\begin_inset Formula $P_{n}^{-m}=\left(CS\right)^{m}P_{n}^{m}\frac{\left(n-m\right)!}{\left(n+m\right)!}$
\end_inset

 to get
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\pi_{-1\nu}(+1-) & = & \frac{CS}{2}\\
\tau_{-1\nu}(+1-) & = & -\frac{CS}{2}\\
\pi_{-1\nu}(-1+) & = & -\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\frac{CS}{2}\\
\tau_{-1\nu}(-1+) & = & -\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\frac{CS}{2}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

where 
\begin_inset Formula $CS$
\end_inset

 is 
\begin_inset Formula $-1$
\end_inset

 if the Condon-Shortley phase is employed on the level of Legendre polynomials,
 1 otherwise.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Taylor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{\pi}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right) & = & \sqrt{\frac{2n+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(n-m\right)!}{\left(n+m\right)!}}\frac{m}{\sin\theta}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)\\
\tilde{\tau}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right) & = & \sqrt{\frac{2n+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(n-m\right)!}{\left(n+m\right)!}}\frac{\ud}{\ud\theta}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The limiting expressions are obtained simply by multiplying the expressions
 from sec.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Xu pitau"

\end_inset

 by the normalisation factor,
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{\pi}_{1\nu}(+1-) & = & CS\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}\\
\tilde{\tau}_{1\nu}(+1-) & = & CS\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}\\
\tilde{\pi}_{1\nu}(-1+) & = & -CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}\\
\tilde{\tau}_{1\nu}(-1+) & = & CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{\pi}_{-1\nu}(+1-) & = & CS\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}\\
\tilde{\tau}_{-1\nu}(+1-) & = & -CS\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}}{2}\\
\tilde{\pi}_{-1\nu}(-1+) & = & -CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}\left(\nu+2\right)}{2}\\
\tilde{\tau}_{-1\nu}(-1+) & = & -CS\left(-1\right)^{\nu}\sqrt{\frac{2\nu+1}{4\pi}}\frac{\sqrt{\nu\left(\nu+1\right)}\left(\nu+2\right)}{2}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

i.e.
 the expressions for 
\begin_inset Formula $m=-1$
\end_inset

 are the same as for 
\begin_inset Formula $m=1$
\end_inset

 except for the sign if Condon-Shortley phase is used on the Legendre polynomial
 level.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Vector spherical harmonics (?)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Original formulation, sect.
 [K]D.3.3
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray}
\vect A_{1lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right) & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}\left(\hat{\vect{\theta}}\frac{1}{\sin\theta}\frac{\partial}{\partial\phi}Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)-\hat{\vect{\phi}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\right)\nonumber \\
 & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}\nabla\times\left(\vect rY_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\right)\nonumber \\
\vect A_{2lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right) & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}\left(\hat{\vect{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\phi}Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)-\hat{\vect{\phi}}\frac{1}{\sin\theta}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\right)\label{eq:vector spherical harmonics Kristensson}\\
 & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}r\nabla Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\nonumber \\
\vect A_{3lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right) & = & \hat{\vect r}Y_{lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\nonumber 
\end{eqnarray}

\end_inset

Normalisation:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\int\vect A_{n}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\cdot\vect A_{n'}^{\dagger}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\,\ud\Omega=\delta_{nn'}
\]

\end_inset

Here 
\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{ }^{\dagger}$
\end_inset

 means just complex conjugate, apparently (see footnote on p.
 89).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Jackson
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(9.101)"
key "jackson_classical_1998"

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect X_{lm}(\theta,\phi)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{l(l+1)}}\vect LY_{lm}(\theta,\phi)
\]

\end_inset

where 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(9.119)"
key "jackson_classical_1998"

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect L=\frac{1}{i}\left(\vect r\times\vect{\nabla}\right)
\]

\end_inset

for its expression in spherical coordinates and other properties check Jackson's
 book around the definitions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Normalisation 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(9.120)"
key "jackson_classical_1998"

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\int\vect X_{l'm'}^{*}\cdot\vect X_{lm}\,\ud\Omega=\delta_{ll'}\delta_{mm'}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Local sum rule 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(9.153)"
key "jackson_classical_1998"

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\sum_{m=-l}^{l}\left|\vect X_{lm}(\theta,\phi)^{2}\right|=\frac{2l+1}{4\pi}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Spherical Bessel functions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Spherical-Bessel-functions"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Cf.
 [DLMF] §10.47–60.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The radial dependence of spherical vector waves is given by the spherical
 Bessel functions and their first derivatives.
 Commonly, the following notation is adopted
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
z_{n}^{(1)}(x) & = & j_{n}(x),\\
z_{n}^{(2)}(x) & = & y_{n}(x),\\
z_{n}^{(3)}(x) & = & h_{n}^{(1)}(x)=j_{n}(x)+iy_{n}(x),\\
z_{n}^{(4)}(x) & = & h_{n}^{(2)}(x)=j_{n}(x)-iy_{n}(x).
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

Here, 
\begin_inset Formula $j_{n}$
\end_inset

 is the spherical Bessel function of first kind (regular), 
\begin_inset Formula $y_{j}$
\end_inset

 is the spherical Bessel function of second kind (singular), and 
\begin_inset Formula $h_{n}^{(1)},h_{n}^{(2)}$
\end_inset

 are the Hankel functions a.k.a.
 spherical Bessel functions of third kind.
 In spherical vector waves, 
\begin_inset Formula $j_{n}$
\end_inset

 corresponds to regular waves, 
\begin_inset Formula $h^{(1)}$
\end_inset

 corresponds (by the usual convention) to outgoing waves, and 
\begin_inset Formula $h^{(2)}$
\end_inset

 corresponds to incoming waves.
 To describe scattering, we need two sets of waves with two different types
 of spherical Bessel functions 
\begin_inset Formula $z_{n}^{(J)}$
\end_inset

.
 Most common choice is 
\begin_inset Formula $J=1,3$
\end_inset

, because if we decompose the field into spherical waves centered at 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect r_{0}$
\end_inset

, the field produced by other sources (e.g.
 spherical waves from other scatterers or a plane wave) is always regular
 at 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect r_{0}$
\end_inset

.
 Second choice which makes a bit of sense is 
\begin_inset Formula $J=3,4$
\end_inset

 as it leads to a nice expression for the energy transport.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Limiting Forms
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
[DLMF] §10.52:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset Formula $z\to0$
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
j_{n}(z) & \sim & z^{n}/(2n+1)!!\\
h_{n}^{(1)}(z)\sim iy(z) & \sim & -i\left(2n+1\right)!!/z^{n+1}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Spherical vector waves
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
TODO 
\begin_inset Formula $M,N,\psi,\chi,\widetilde{M},\widetilde{N},u,v,w,\dots$
\end_inset

, sine/cosine convention (B&H), ...
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are two mutually orthogonal types of divergence-free (everywhere except
 in the origin for singular waves) spherical vector waves, which I call
 electric and magnetic, given by the type of multipole source to which they
 correspond.
 This is another distinction than the regular/singular/ingoing/outgoing
 waves given by the type of the radial dependence (cf.
 section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Spherical-Bessel-functions"

\end_inset

).
 Oscillating electric current in a tiny rod parallel to its axis will generate
 electric dipole waves (net dipole moment of magnetic current is zero) moment
 , whereas oscillating electric current in a tiny circular loop will generate
 magnetic dipole waves (net dipole moment of electric current is zero).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In the usual cases we encounter, the part described by the magnetic waves
 is pretty small.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The expression with Bessel function derivatives appearing below in the electric
 waves can be rewritten using (DLMF 10.51.2)
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\frac{1}{kr}\frac{\ud\left(kr\,z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)\right)}{\ud(kr)}=\frac{\ud z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)}{\ud(kr)}+\frac{z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)}{kr}=z_{n-1}^{j}\left(kr\right)-n\frac{z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)}{kr}.
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Taylor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Definition [T](2.40); 
\begin_inset Formula $\widetilde{\vect N}_{mn}^{(j)},\widetilde{\vect M}_{mn}^{(j)}$
\end_inset

 are the electric and magnetic waves, respectively:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\widetilde{\vect N}_{mn}^{(j)} & = & \frac{n(n+1)}{kr}\sqrt{\frac{2n+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(n-m\right)!}{\left(n+m\right)!}}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)e^{im\phi}z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)\hat{\vect r}\\
 &  & +\left[\tilde{\tau}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\theta}}+i\tilde{\pi}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\phi}}\right]e^{im\phi}\frac{1}{kr}\frac{\ud\left(kr\,z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)\right)}{\ud(kr)}\\
\widetilde{\vect M}_{mn}^{(j)} & = & \left[i\tilde{\pi}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\theta}}-\tilde{\tau}_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\phi}}\right]e^{im\phi}z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Xu
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
are the electric and magnetic waves, respectively:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\vect N_{mn}^{(j)} & = & \frac{n(n+1)}{kr}P_{n}^{m}\left(\cos\theta\right)e^{im\phi}z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)\hat{\vect r}\\
 &  & +\left[\tau_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\theta}}+i\pi_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\phi}}\right]e^{im\phi}\frac{1}{kr}\frac{\ud\left(kr\,z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)\right)}{\ud(kr)}\\
\vect M_{mn}^{(j)} & = & \left[i\pi_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\theta}}-\tau_{mn}\left(\cos\theta\right)\hat{\vect{\phi}}\right]e^{im\phi}z_{n}^{j}\left(kr\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Definition [K](2.4.6); 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect u_{\tau lm},\vect v_{\tau lm},\vect w_{\tau lm}$
\end_inset

 are the waves with 
\begin_inset Formula $j=3,1,4$
\end_inset

 respectively, i.e.
 outgoing, regular and incoming waves.
 The first index distinguishes between the electric (
\begin_inset Formula $\tau=2$
\end_inset

) and magnetic (
\begin_inset Formula $\tau=1$
\end_inset

).
 Kristensson uses a multiindex 
\begin_inset Formula $n\equiv(\tau,l,m)$
\end_inset

 to simlify the notation.
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{2lm} & = & \frac{1}{kr}\frac{\ud\left(kr\,z_{l}^{(j)}\left(kr\right)\right)}{\ud\,kr}\vect A_{2lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)+\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}\frac{z_{l}^{(j)}(kr)}{kr}\vect A_{3lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)\\
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{1lm} & = & z_{l}^{(j)}\left(kr\right)\vect A_{1lm}\left(\hat{\vect r}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson vs.
 Xu
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As in 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "eq. (36)"
key "xu_calculation_1996"

\end_inset

 with unnormalised Legendre polynomials:
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{1lm} & = & \left(\mbox{CS}\right)^{m}\sqrt{\frac{2l+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(l-m\right)!}{\left(l+m\right)!}}\frac{\vect N_{ml}^{(3/1/4)}}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}\\
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{1lm} & = & \left(\mbox{CS}\right)^{m}\sqrt{\frac{2l+1}{4\pi}\frac{\left(l-m\right)!}{\left(l+m\right)!}}\frac{\vect M_{ml}^{(3/1/4)}}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

where CS is 
\begin_inset Formula $-1$
\end_inset

 in Kristensson's text.
 N.B.
 be careful about the translation coefficients and 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "eq. (81)"
key "xu_calculation_1996"

\end_inset

, Xu's text is a bit confusing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Relation between Kristensson and Taylor
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sub:Kristensson-v-Taylor"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Kristensson's and Taylor's VSWFs seem to differ only by an 
\begin_inset Formula $l$
\end_inset

-dependent normalization factor, and notation of course (n.b.
 the inverse index order)
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{2lm} & = & \frac{\widetilde{\vect N}_{ml}^{(3/1/4)}}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}\\
\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{1lm} & = & \frac{\widetilde{\vect M}_{ml}^{(3/1/4)}}{\sqrt{l\left(l+1\right)}}
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Plane wave expansion
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Taylor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset

-polarised, 
\begin_inset Formula $z$
\end_inset

-propagating plane wave, 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect E=E_{0}\hat{\vect x}e^{i\vect k\cdot\hat{\vect z}}$
\end_inset

 (CHECK):
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\vect E & = & -i\left(p_{mn}\widetilde{\vect N}_{mn}^{(1)}+q_{mn}\widetilde{\vect M}_{mn}^{(1)}\right)\\
p_{mn} & = & E_{0}\frac{4\pi i^{n}}{n(n+1)}\tilde{\tau}_{mn}(1)\\
q_{mn} & = & E_{0}\frac{4\pi i^{n}}{n(n+1)}\tilde{\pi}_{mn}(1)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset

while it can be shown that
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{\pi}_{mn}(1) & = & -\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\left(2n+1\right)\left(n\left(n+1\right)\right)}{4\pi}}\left(\delta_{m,1}+\delta_{m,-1}\right)\\
\tilde{\tau}_{mn}(1) & = & -\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\left(2n+1\right)\left(n\left(n+1\right)\right)}{4\pi}}\left(\delta_{m,1}-\delta_{m,-1}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset

-polarised, 
\begin_inset Formula $z$
\end_inset

-propagating plane wave, 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect E=E_{0}\hat{\vect x}e^{i\vect k\cdot\hat{\vect z}}$
\end_inset

 (CHECK, ):
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect E=\sum_{n}a_{n}\vect v_{n}
\]

\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
a_{1lm} & = & E_{0}i^{l+1}\sqrt{\left(2l+1\right)\pi}\left(\delta_{m,1}+\delta_{m,-1}\right)\\
a_{2lm} & = & E_{0}i^{l+1}\sqrt{\left(2l+1\right)\pi}\left(\delta_{m,1}+\delta_{m,-1}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Radiated energy
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In this section I summarize the formulae for power 
\begin_inset Formula $P$
\end_inset

 radiated from the system.
 For an absorbing scatterer, this should be negative (n.b.
 sign conventions can be sometimes confusing).
 If the system is excited by a plane wave with intensity 
\begin_inset Formula $E_{0}$
\end_inset

, this can be used to calculate the absorption cross section (TODO check
 if it should be multiplied by the 2),
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\sigma_{\mathrm{abs}}=-\frac{2P}{\varepsilon\varepsilon_{0}\left|E_{0}\right|^{2}}.
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sub:Radiated enenergy-Kristensson"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sect.
 [K]2.6.2; here this form of expansion is assumed:
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{equation}
\vect E\left(\vect r,\omega\right)=k\sqrt{\eta_{0}\eta}\sum_{n}\left(a_{n}\vect v_{n}\left(k\vect r\right)+f_{n}\vect u_{n}\left(k\vect r\right)\right).\label{eq:power-Kristensson-E}
\end{equation}

\end_inset

Here 
\begin_inset Formula $\eta_{0}=\sqrt{\mu_{0}/\varepsilon_{0}}$
\end_inset

 is the wave impedance of free space and 
\begin_inset Formula $\eta=\sqrt{\mu/\varepsilon}$
\end_inset

 is the relative wave impedance of the medium.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The radiated power is then (2.28): 
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
P=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{n}\left(\left|f_{n}\right|^{2}+\Re\left(f_{n}a_{n}^{*}\right)\right).
\]

\end_inset

The first term is obviously the power radiated away by the outgoing waves.
 The second term must then be minus the power sucked by the scatterer from
 the exciting wave.
 If the exciting wave is plane, it gives us the extinction cross section
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}=-\frac{\sum_{n}\Re\left(f_{n}a_{n}^{*}\right)}{\varepsilon\varepsilon_{0}\left|E_{0}\right|^{2}}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Taylor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here I derive the radiated power in Taylor's convention by applying the
 relations from subsection 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Kristensson-v-Taylor"

\end_inset

 to the Kristensson's formulae (sect.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Radiated enenergy-Kristensson"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Assume the external field decomposed as (here I use tildes even for the
 expansion coefficients in order to avoid confusion with the 
\begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$
\end_inset

 in 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:power-Kristensson-E"

\end_inset

) 
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect E\left(\vect r,\omega\right)=\sum_{mn}\left[-i\left(\tilde{p}_{mn}\vect{\widetilde{N}}_{mn}^{(1)}+\tilde{q}_{mn}\widetilde{\vect M}_{mn}^{(1)}\right)+i\left(\tilde{a}_{mn}\widetilde{\vect N}_{mn}^{(3)}+\tilde{b}_{mn}\widetilde{\vect M}_{mn}^{(3)}\right)\right]
\]

\end_inset

(there is minus between the regular and outgoing part!).
 The coefficients are related to those from 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:power-Kristensson-E"

\end_inset

 as 
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\tilde{p}_{mn}=\frac{k\sqrt{\eta_{0}\eta}}{-i\sqrt{n(n+1)}}a_{2nm},\quad\tilde{q}_{mn}=\frac{k\sqrt{\eta_{0}\eta}}{-i\sqrt{n(n+1)}}a_{1nm},
\]

\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\tilde{a}_{mn}=\frac{k\sqrt{\eta_{0}\eta}}{i\sqrt{n(n+1)}}f_{2nm},\quad\tilde{b}_{mn}=\frac{k\sqrt{\eta_{0}\eta}}{i\sqrt{n(n+1)}}f_{1nm}.
\]

\end_inset

The radiated power is then
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
P=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{m,n}\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{k^{2}\eta_{0}\eta}\left(\left|a_{mn}\right|^{2}+\left|b_{mn}\right|^{2}-\Re\left(a_{mn}p_{mn}^{*}\right)-\Re\left(b_{mn}q_{mn}^{*}\right)\right).
\]

\end_inset

If the exciting wave is a plane wave, the extinction cross section is
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}=\frac{1}{\varepsilon\varepsilon_{0}\left|E_{0}\right|^{2}k^{2}\eta_{0}\eta}\sum_{m,n}n(n+1)\left(\Re\left(a_{mn}p_{mn}^{*}\right)+\Re\left(b_{mn}q_{mn}^{*}\right)\right)
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Jackson
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(9.155)"
key "jackson_classical_1998"

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
P=\frac{Z_{0}}{2k^{2}}\sum_{l,m}\left[\left|a_{E}(l,m)\right|^{2}+\left|a_{M}(l,m)\right|^{2}\right]
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Limit solutions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Far-field asymptotic solution
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
TODO start from 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(A7)"
key "pustovit_plasmon-mediated_2010"

\end_inset

 and Jackson (9.169) and around.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Near field limit
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Single particle scattering and Mie theory
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The basic idea is simple.
 For an exciting spherical wave (usually the regular wave in whatever convention
) of a given frequency 
\begin_inset Formula $\omega$
\end_inset

, type 
\begin_inset Formula $\zeta'$
\end_inset

 (electric or magnetic), degree 
\begin_inset Formula $l'$
\end_inset

 and order 
\begin_inset Formula $m'$
\end_inset

, the particle responds with waves from the complementary set (e.g.
 outgoing waves), with the same frequency 
\begin_inset Formula $\omega$
\end_inset

, but any type 
\begin_inset Formula $\zeta$
\end_inset

, degree 
\begin_inset Formula $l$
\end_inset

 and order 
\begin_inset Formula $m$
\end_inset

, in a way that the Maxwell's equations are satisfied, with the coefficients
 
\begin_inset Formula $T_{l,m;l',m'}^{\zeta,\zeta'}(\omega)$
\end_inset

.
 This yields one row in the scattering matrix (often called the 
\begin_inset Formula $T$
\end_inset

-matrix) 
\begin_inset Formula $T(\omega)$
\end_inset

, which fully characterizes the scattering properties of the particle (in
 the linear regime, of course).
 Analytical expression for the matrix is known for spherical scatterer,
 otherwise it is computed numerically (using DDA, BEM or whatever).
 So if we have the two sets of spherical wave functions 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect f_{lm}^{J_{1},\zeta}$
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect f_{lm}^{J_{2},\zeta}$
\end_inset

 and the full 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

exciting
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

 wave has electric field given as
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect E_{\mathrm{inc}}=\sum_{\zeta'=\mathrm{E,M}}\sum_{l',m'}c_{l'm'}^{\zeta'}\vect f_{l'm'}^{\zeta'},
\]

\end_inset

the 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

scattered
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

 field will be
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect E_{\mathrm{scat}}=\sum_{\zeta',l',m'}\sum_{\zeta,l,m}T_{l,m;l',m'}^{\zeta,\zeta'}c_{l'm'}^{\zeta'}\vect f_{lm}^{\zeta},
\]

\end_inset

and the total field around the scaterer is 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect E=\vect E_{\mathrm{ext}}+\vect E_{\mathrm{scat}}$
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Mie theory – full version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula $T$
\end_inset

-matrix for a spherical particle is type-, degree- and order- diagonal,
 that is, 
\begin_inset Formula $T_{l',m';l,m}^{\zeta',\zeta}(\omega)=0$
\end_inset

 if 
\begin_inset Formula $l\ne l'$
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Formula $m\ne m'$
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Formula $\zeta\ne\zeta'$
\end_inset

.
 Moreover, it does not depend on 
\begin_inset Formula $m$
\end_inset

, so
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
T_{l,m;l',m'}^{\zeta,\zeta'}(\omega)=T_{l}^{\zeta}\left(\omega\right)\delta_{\zeta'\zeta}\delta_{l'l}\delta_{m'm}
\]

\end_inset

where for the usual choice 
\begin_inset Formula $J_{1}=1,J_{2}=3$
\end_inset


\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{eqnarray*}
T_{l}^{E}\left(\omega\right) & = & TODO,\\
T_{l}^{M}(\omega) & = & TODO.
\end{eqnarray*}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Long wave approximation for spherical nanoparticle
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
TODO start from 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(A11)"
key "pustovit_plasmon-mediated_2010"

\end_inset

 and around.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Note on transforming T-matrix conventions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
T-matrix depends on the used conventions as well.
 This is not apparent for the Mie case as the T-matrix for a sphere is 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

diagonal
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

.
 But for other shapes, dipole incoming field can induce also higher-order
 multipoles in the nanoparticle, etc.
 The easiest way to determine the transformation properties is to write
 down the total scattered electric field for both conventions in the form
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\vect E_{\mathrm{scat}}=\sum_{n'}\sum_{n}T_{n'}^{n}c^{n'}\vect f_{n}=\sum_{n'}\sum_{n}\widetilde{T}_{n'}^{n}\widetilde{c}^{n'}\widetilde{\vect f}_{n}
\]

\end_inset

where we merged all the indices into single multiindex 
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Formula $n'$
\end_inset

.
 This way of writing immediately suggest how to transform the T-matrix into
 the new convention if we know the transformation properties of the base
 waves and expansion coefficients, as it reminds the notation used in geometry
 – 
\begin_inset Formula $c^{\alpha}$
\end_inset

 are 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

vector coordinates
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Formula $\vect f_{\alpha}$
\end_inset

 are 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

base vectors
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

.
 Obviously, T-matrix is then 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

tensor of type (1,1)
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

, and it transforms as vector coordinates (i.e.
 wave expansion coefficients) in the 
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset

 (outgoing wave) indices and as form coordinates in the 
\begin_inset Formula $n'$
\end_inset

 (regular/illuminating wave) indices.
 Form coordinates change in the same waves as base vectors
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Kristensson to Taylor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For instance, let us transform between from the Kristensson's to Taylor's
 convention.
 We know that the Taylor's base vectors are 
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset

larger
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset

: 
\begin_inset Formula $\widetilde{\vect N}_{ml}^{(3/1/4)}=\sqrt{l(l+1)}\left(\vect{u/v/w}\right)_{2lm}$
\end_inset

 etc, so the coefficients must be smaller by the reciprocal factor, e.g.
 
\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}_{ml}=f_{2lm}/\sqrt{l(l+1)}$
\end_inset

 (now we assume that there are no other prefactors in the expansion of the
 field, they are already included in the coefficients).
 Then the T-matrix in the Taylor's convention (tilded) can be calculated
 from the T-matrix in the Kristensson's convention as
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
\underbrace{\widetilde{T}_{\zeta'l'm'}^{\zeta lm}}_{\mbox{Taylor}}=\frac{\sqrt{l'(l'+1)}}{\sqrt{l(l+1)}}\underbrace{T_{\zeta'l'm'}^{\zeta lm}}_{\mbox{Krist.}}\,_{\leftarrow\mbox{illuminating}}^{\leftarrow\mbox{outgoing}}.
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
scuff-tmatrix output
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Indices of the outgoing wave (without primes) come first, illuminating regular
 wave (with primes) second in the output files of scuff-tmatrix.
 It seems that it at least in the electric part, the output of scuff-tmatrix
 is equivalent to the Kristensson's convention.
 Not sure whether it is also true for the E-M cross terms.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Green's functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
xyz pure free-space dipole waves in terms of SVWF
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Mie decomposition of Green's function for single nanoparticle
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Translation of spherical waves: getting insane
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Cruzan's formulation, Xu's normalisation 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(59)"
key "xu_efficient_1998"

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
B_{m,n,\mu,\nu}=\underbrace{\left(-1\right)^{-m}\frac{\left(2\nu+1\right)\left(n+m\right)!\left(\nu-\mu\right)!}{2n\left(n+1\right)\left(n-m\right)!\left(\nu+\mu\right)!}\sum_{q=1}^{Q_{max}^{-m,n,\mu,\nu}}i^{p+1}\sqrt{\left(\left(p+1\right)^{2}-\left(n-\nu\right)^{2}\right)\left(\left(n+\nu+1\right)^{2}-\left(p+1\right)^{2}\right)}b_{-m,n,\mu,\nu}^{p,p+1}}_{\mbox{(without the \ensuremath{\sum})}\equiv B_{m,n,\mu,\nu}^{q}}z_{p+1}P_{p+1}e^{i\left(\mu-m\right)\phi},
\]

\end_inset

where 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "(28,5,60,61)"
key "xu_efficient_1998"

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Formula $p\equiv n+\nu-2q$
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Formula $Q_{max}^{-m,n,\mu,\nu}\equiv\min\left(n,\nu,\frac{n+\nu+1-\left|\mu-m\right|}{2}\right)$
\end_inset

,
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
b_{-m,n,\mu,\nu}^{p,p+1}\equiv\left(-1\right)^{\mu-m}\left(2p+3\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(n-m\right)!\left(\nu+\mu\right)!\left(p+m-\mu+1\right)!}{\left(n+m\right)!\left(\nu-\mu\right)!\left(p-m+\mu+1\right)!}}\begin{pmatrix}n & \nu & p+1\\
-m & \mu & m-\mu
\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}n & \nu & p\\
0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix}.
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Multiple scattering: nice linear algebra born from all the mess
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Quantisation of quasistatic modes of a sphere
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
LatexCommand bibtex
bibfiles "Electrodynamics"
options "plain"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document